Mineral Guide · Mineral

Cuprite

Cuprite is a copper oxide known for deep ruby-red crystals, high lustre and frequent associations with native copper, malachite and chrysocolla.

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Crystal structure

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Mineral properties

Formula: Cu₂O
Class: Oxides
Crystal system: Cubic
Typical colours: black, ruby red, dark red, brownish red
Lustre: Adamantine, Sub-metallic
Hardness: 3.50-4.00
Specific gravity: 6.14-6.15
Crystal habit: Cubic, Massive, Octahedral
Origin: oxidised zones of copper deposits, commonly close to native copper and secondary copper carbonates

What is Cuprite?

Cuprite is a copper oxide known for deep ruby-red crystals, high lustre and frequent associations with native copper, malachite and chrysocolla.

Mineralogy and structure

The reference formula is Cu₂O. Cuprite belongs to the oxides and has a cubic crystal system. Cuprite has a cubic structure and can form octahedral or dodecahedral crystals. Thin edges may transmit a ruby-red colour, while heavily altered specimens can appear nearly black.

Colour and appearance

Typical colours include ruby red, dark red, brownish red, black. Crystal habit, lustre, transparency and matrix association are often as diagnostic as colour.

Formation and localities

Cuprite forms in or is associated with oxidised zones of copper deposits, commonly close to native copper and secondary copper carbonates. Important documented localities include Tsumeb in Namibia, Chessy in France, the Urals, Arizona and other classic copper districts.

Collecting and care

Cuprite is best kept as a labelled collector or reference specimen. Protect fragile crystals from impact and prolonged humidity changes. Lead-, arsenic-, chromium- and cobalt-bearing minerals should not be cut, ground or used in jewellery.

Sources and editorial review

Reviewed by NotOnlyRocks Editorial Team

Last reviewed: 31 August 2026

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