Mineral Guide · Mineral
Cinnabar is the scarlet mercury sulfide mineral recognised by its vivid colour and high density.
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Cinnabar is the scarlet mercury sulfide mineral recognised by its vivid colour and high density.
The reference formula is HgS. Cinnabar is classified with the sulfides and its crystal system is trigonal. Natural specimens can vary in composition, habit and degree of crystallinity, so the locality and observed form remain important.
Typical colours include scarlet, vermilion and brownish red. Lustre, transparency, inclusions and surface condition should be described for the individual specimen rather than inferred from the name alone.
Cinnabar forms in or is associated with low-temperature hydrothermal veins and hot-spring systems. Notable collecting regions include Almadén in Spain, China, Mexico, Nevada and the Adriatic region. A precise locality is more useful than a broad country label when it is documented.
Cinnabar is useful in a reference collection because its appearance connects mineral chemistry with geological setting. Store specimens dry, protected from impact and clearly labelled with the confirmed material, locality and any treatment history.
Reviewed by NotOnlyRocks Editorial Team
Last reviewed: 31 August 2026
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